Who is being targeted, and how
Hate crime in America is not one problem. Each community faces its own attackers, its own code words and its own warning signs. These profiles put the official numbers, the attacks that shaped the threat and the language analysts watch for in one place, for law enforcement, security teams and the communities themselves.
2025 at a glance
- Agencies reported 10,881 hate crime incidents and 13,438 victims to the FBI for 2025, down from 11,679 incidents in 2024.
- Anti-Black incidents were the largest bias type at 2,811. Anti-Jewish incidents were second at 1,528, about 63 percent of religion-based hate crime.
- Anti-Latino incidents rose to 1,002 while most categories fell. Anti-Sikh and several Christian categories also rose.
- Lower counts partly reflect which agencies reported. Fatal attacks on a mosque in San Diego, a Catholic church in Minneapolis and a Latter-day Saints chapel in Michigan show the threat is not shrinking.
Threat profiles
Opinion is not the signal. Escalation is.
Most hateful speech never becomes violence, and most of it is legal. NCTIC does not police opinions. Analysts look for the point where talk turns into a plan, and score each threat on four questions:
- Specificity. Is there a named place, person or event, or only a group?
- Target. Can the target be found: an address, a service time, a school?
- Means. Does the poster discuss weapons, fire, vehicles or how to get them?
- Timing. Is there a date, a holiday, a countdown or a goodbye?
Attackers often tell others first. Federal threat assessment research calls this leakage, and attackers in Pittsburgh, Poway, El Paso and Buffalo posted before acting. Catching leakage early, and getting it to the agency with jurisdiction, is the job.
Every bias type
All bias types the FBI tracks, including anti-White incidents. NCTIC protects people, whoever they are. Download the table as CSV or JSON.
| Bias type | 2025 | 2024 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Race/Ethnicity/Ancestry · 5,859 in 2025 | |||
| Anti-Black or African American | 2,811 | 3,246 | -435 |
| Anti-Hispanic or Latino | 1,002 | 862 | +140 |
| Anti-White | 880 | 877 | +3 |
| Anti-Other Race/Ethnicity/Ancestry | 389 | 470 | -81 |
| Anti-Asian | 339 | 402 | -63 |
| Anti-Multiple Races, Group | 189 | 196 | -7 |
| Anti-Arab | 120 | 158 | -38 |
| Anti-American Indian or Alaska Native | 109 | 121 | -12 |
| Anti-Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 20 | 34 | -14 |
| Religion · 2,408 in 2025 | |||
| Anti-Jewish | 1,528 | 2,095 | -567 |
| Anti-Islamic (Muslim) | 205 | 261 | -56 |
| Anti-Sikh | 177 | 146 | +31 |
| Anti-Other Religion | 98 | 119 | -21 |
| Anti-Other Christian | 76 | 77 | -1 |
| Anti-Catholic | 73 | 55 | +18 |
| Anti-Eastern Orthodox | 59 | 44 | +15 |
| Anti-Protestant | 55 | 43 | +12 |
| Anti-Multiple Religions, Group | 43 | 61 | -18 |
| Anti-Buddhist | 28 | 29 | -1 |
| Anti-Hindu | 28 | 26 | +2 |
| Anti-Church of Jesus Christ (Latter-day Saints) | 14 | 30 | -16 |
| Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism | 14 | 12 | +2 |
| Anti-Jehovah's Witness | 10 | 12 | -2 |
| Sexual Orientation · 1,527 in 2025 | |||
| Anti-Gay (Male) | 800 | 1,128 | -328 |
| Anti-Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgender (Mixed Group) | 565 | 786 | -221 |
| Anti-Lesbian | 118 | 178 | -60 |
| Anti-Bisexual | 27 | 45 | -18 |
| Anti-Heterosexual | 17 | 25 | -8 |
| Gender Identity · 489 in 2025 | |||
| Anti-Transgender | 340 | 381 | -41 |
| Anti-Gender Non-Conforming | 149 | 144 | +5 |
| Disability · 145 in 2025 | |||
| Anti-Mental Disability | 81 | 107 | -26 |
| Anti-Physical Disability | 64 | 76 | -12 |
| Gender · 100 in 2025 | |||
| Anti-Female | 79 | 109 | -30 |
| Anti-Male | 21 | 23 | -2 |
An incident can carry more than one bias, so rows do not add to the national total of 10,881. 2024 figures are the FBI's updated Crime Data Explorer counts, which run higher than its original 2024 release.
Frequently asked
Which group is targeted most by hate crimes in the United States?
Black Americans. Anti-Black incidents were the largest bias type in 2025 with 2,811, as in every year of FBI data. Jewish Americans were second with 1,528, the largest religious bias type.
How many hate crimes were there in the U.S. in 2025?
Law enforcement agencies reported 10,881 hate crime incidents involving 13,438 victims to the FBI for 2025, down from 11,679 incidents in 2024.
Which hate crime categories increased in 2025?
Anti-Hispanic or Latino incidents rose to 1,002, a level advocacy groups call the highest on record. Anti-Sikh, anti-Catholic, anti-Protestant and anti-Eastern Orthodox incidents also rose.
How does NCTIC decide a threat is serious?
NCTIC scores escalation, not opinion: whether a post names a specific target, describes means, sets a time, or shows planning such as scouting, manifestos or goodbye messages.
How we put this together. Hate crime counts are incidents reported by law enforcement agencies to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting program for 2025, released Aug. 14, 2026, as tabulated by the Arab American Institute; 2024 comparisons use the FBI's updated Crime Data Explorer figures. These counts cover only agencies that report and only incidents that reach police, so they understate the problem, and year-to-year changes partly reflect which agencies filed. Attack summaries draw on court records and news reporting cited below. Watch terms come from NCTIC analysis and public research such as the ADL Hate Symbols database. NCTIC products are analysis and can be wrong.
NCTIC is an independent nonprofit, non-governmental organization. It is not a government agency, does not act under government authority, and does not make or enforce laws.
We take no position on immigration or other policy questions and do not blame threats on any group. Our anchor is simple: the law says no violence against people, whoever they are.